use crate::Float;
use crate::core::geometry::{
    Bounds3f, DirectionCone, Normal3f, Point2f, Point3f, Point3fi, Ray, Vector2f, Vector3f,
    VectorLike,
};
use crate::core::interaction::{Interaction, InteractionTrait, SurfaceInteraction};
use crate::core::shape::{ShapeIntersection, ShapeSample, ShapeSampleContext, ShapeTrait};
use crate::utils::gpu_array_from_fn;
use crate::utils::math::{clamp, lerp, square};
use crate::utils::splines::{
    bound_cubic_bezier, cubic_bezier_control_points, evaluate_cubic_bezier, subdivide_cubic_bezier,
};
use crate::utils::transform::{Transform, look_at};
use num_traits::Float as NumFloat;

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
pub enum CurveType {
    Flat,
    Cylinder,
    Ribbon,
}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct CurveCommon {
    pub curve_type: CurveType,
    pub cp_obj: [Point3f; 4],
    pub width: [Float; 2],
    pub n: [Normal3f; 2],
    pub normal_angle: Float,
    pub inv_sin_normal_angle: Float,
    pub render_from_object: Transform,
    pub object_from_render: Transform,
    pub reverse_orientation: bool,
    pub transform_swap_handedness: bool,
}

impl CurveCommon {
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new(
        c: &[Point3f],
        w0: Float,
        w1: Float,
        curve_type: CurveType,
        norm: &[Normal3f],
        render_from_object: Transform,
        object_from_render: Transform,
        reverse_orientation: bool,
    ) -> Self {
        let transform_swap_handedness = render_from_object.swaps_handedness();
        let width = [w0, w1];
        assert_eq!(c.len(), 4);
        let cp_obj: [Point3f; 4] = c[..4].try_into().unwrap();

        let mut n: [Normal3f; 2] = gpu_array_from_fn(|_| Normal3f::default());
        let mut normal_angle: Float = 0.;
        let mut inv_sin_normal_angle: Float = 0.;
        if norm.len() == 2 {
            n[0] = norm[0].normalize();
            n[1] = norm[1].normalize();
            normal_angle = n[0].angle_between(n[1]);
            inv_sin_normal_angle = 1. / normal_angle.sin();
        }

        Self {
            curve_type,
            cp_obj,
            width,
            n,
            normal_angle,
            inv_sin_normal_angle,
            render_from_object,
            object_from_render,
            reverse_orientation,
            transform_swap_handedness,
        }
    }
}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct CurveShape {
    pub common: CurveCommon,
    pub u_min: Float,
    pub u_max: Float,
}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
struct IntersectionContext {
    pub ray: Ray,
    pub object_from_ray: Transform,
    pub common: CurveCommon,
}

impl CurveShape {
    pub fn new(common: CurveCommon, u_min: Float, u_max: Float) -> Self {
        Self {
            common,
            u_min,
            u_max,
        }
    }

    fn intersect_ray(&self, r: &Ray, t_max: Float) -> Option<ShapeIntersection> {
        let ray = self
            .common
            .object_from_render
            .apply_to_ray(r, &mut Some(t_max));
        let cp_obj = cubic_bezier_control_points(&self.common.cp_obj, self.u_min, self.u_max);
        // Project curve control points to plane perpendicular to ray
        let mut dx = ray.d.cross(cp_obj[3] - cp_obj[0]);
        if dx.norm_squared() == 0. {
            (dx, _) = ray.d.coordinate_system();
        }

        let ray_from_object = look_at(ray.o, ray.o + ray.d, dx).expect("Inversion error");
        let cp: [Point3f; 4] = gpu_array_from_fn(|i| ray_from_object.apply_to_point(cp_obj[i]));

        let max_width = lerp(self.u_min, self.common.width[0], self.common.width[1]).max(lerp(
            self.u_max,
            self.common.width[0],
            self.common.width[1],
        ));
        let curve_bounds = Bounds3f::from_points(cp[0], cp[1])
            .union(Bounds3f::from_points(cp[2], cp[3]))
            .expand(0.5 * max_width);
        let ray_bounds =
            Bounds3f::from_points(Point3f::zero(), Point3f::new(0., 0., ray.d.norm() * t_max));
        if !ray_bounds.overlaps(&curve_bounds) {
            return None;
        }

        let l0 = (0..2)
            .map(|i| {
                (cp[i].x() - 2.0 * cp[i + 1].x() + cp[i + 2].x())
                    .abs()
                    .max((cp[i].y() - 2.0 * cp[i + 1].y() + cp[i + 2].y()).abs())
                    .max((cp[i].z() - 2.0 * cp[i + 1].z() + cp[i + 2].z()).abs())
            })
            .fold(0.0, Float::max);

        let max_depth = if l0 > 0. {
            let eps = self.common.width[0].max(self.common.width[1]) * 0.05;
            let r0: i32 = (1.41421356237 * 6. * l0 / (8. * eps)).log2() as i32 / 2;
            clamp(r0, 0, 10)
        } else {
            0
        };

        let context = IntersectionContext {
            ray,
            object_from_ray: ray_from_object.inverse(),
            common: self.common.clone(),
        };

        self.recursive_intersect(&context, t_max, &cp, self.u_min, self.u_max, max_depth)
    }

    fn recursive_intersect(
        &self,
        context: &IntersectionContext,
        mut t_max: Float,
        cp: &[Point3f],
        u0: Float,
        u1: Float,
        depth: i32,
    ) -> Option<ShapeIntersection> {
        if depth > 0 {
            let cp_split = subdivide_cubic_bezier(cp);
            let u = [u0, (u0 + u1) / 2., u1];
            let mut best_hit: Option<ShapeIntersection> = None;

            for seg in 0..2 {
                let cps: &[Point3f] = &cp_split[3 * seg..3 * seg + 4];

                let max_width = lerp(u[seg], self.common.width[0], self.common.width[1]).max(lerp(
                    u[seg + 1],
                    self.common.width[0],
                    self.common.width[1],
                ));
                let curve_bounds = Bounds3f::from_points(cps[0], cps[1])
                    .union(Bounds3f::from_points(cps[2], cps[3]))
                    .expand(0.5 * max_width);
                let ray_bounds = Bounds3f::from_points(
                    Point3f::zero(),
                    Point3f::new(0., 0., context.ray.d.norm() * t_max),
                );

                if !ray_bounds.overlaps(&curve_bounds) {
                    continue;
                }

                if let Some(hit) =
                    self.recursive_intersect(context, t_max, cps, u[seg], u[seg + 1], depth - 1)
                {
                    best_hit = Some(hit);
                    t_max = best_hit.as_ref().unwrap().t_hit;
                }
            }
            best_hit
        } else {
            self.intersect_segment(context, t_max, cp, u0, u1)
        }
    }

    fn intersect_segment(
        &self,
        context: &IntersectionContext,
        t_max: Float,
        cp: &[Point3f],
        u0: Float,
        u1: Float,
    ) -> Option<ShapeIntersection> {
        let edge1 = (cp[1].y() - cp[0].y()) * -cp[0].y() + cp[0].x() * (cp[0].x() - cp[1].x());
        let edge2 = (cp[2].y() - cp[3].y()) * -cp[3].y() + cp[3].x() * (cp[3].x() - cp[2].x());
        if edge1 <= 0.0 || edge2 <= 0.0 {
            return None;
        }

        let segment_dir = Point2f::new(cp[3].x(), cp[3].y()) - Point2f::new(cp[0].x(), cp[0].y());
        let denom = segment_dir.norm_squared();
        if denom == 0. {
            return None;
        }
        let w = Vector2f::new(cp[0].x(), cp[0].y()).dot(-segment_dir) / denom;
        let u = clamp(lerp(w, u0, u1), u0, u1);
        let ray_length = context.ray.d.norm();

        let mut hit_width = lerp(u, self.common.width[0], self.common.width[1]);
        let mut n_hit = Normal3f::zero();
        if let CurveType::Ribbon = context.common.curve_type {
            n_hit = if context.common.normal_angle == 0. {
                context.common.n[0]
            } else {
                let sin0 =
                    ((1. - u) * self.common.normal_angle).sin() * self.common.inv_sin_normal_angle;
                let sin1 = (u * self.common.normal_angle).sin() * self.common.inv_sin_normal_angle;
                sin0 * self.common.n[0] + sin1 * self.common.n[1]
            };
            hit_width = hit_width * n_hit.dot(context.ray.d.into()).abs() / ray_length;
        }

        let (pc, dpcdw) = evaluate_cubic_bezier(cp, clamp(w, 0., 1.));
        let ray_length = context.ray.d.norm();

        if !self.valid_hit(pc, hit_width, t_max, ray_length) {
            return None;
        }

        // Hit is valid, obtain normals, and interaction differentials
        self.intersection_result(context, pc, dpcdw, u, hit_width, n_hit, ray_length)
    }

    fn hit_ribbon(
        &self,
        u: Float,
        hit_width: Float,
        context: &IntersectionContext,
    ) -> (Float, Normal3f) {
        let n_hit = if context.common.normal_angle == 0. {
            context.common.n[0]
        } else {
            let sin0 =
                ((1. - u) * self.common.normal_angle).sin() * self.common.inv_sin_normal_angle;
            let sin1 = (u * self.common.normal_angle).sin() * self.common.inv_sin_normal_angle;
            sin0 * self.common.n[0] + sin1 * self.common.n[1]
        };
        let new_hit_width =
            hit_width * n_hit.dot(context.ray.d.into()).abs() / context.ray.d.norm();

        (new_hit_width, n_hit)
    }

    fn valid_hit(&self, pc: Point3f, hit_width: Float, t_max: Float, ray_length: Float) -> bool {
        let pt_curve_dist_sq = square(pc.x()) + square(pc.y());
        if pt_curve_dist_sq > square(hit_width * 0.5) || pc.z() < 0.0 || pc.z() > ray_length * t_max
        {
            return false;
        }
        true
    }

    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    fn intersection_result(
        &self,
        context: &IntersectionContext,
        pc: Point3f,
        dpcdw: Vector3f,
        u: Float,
        hit_width: Float,
        n_hit: Normal3f,
        ray_length: Float,
    ) -> Option<ShapeIntersection> {
        let t_hit = pc.z() / ray_length;
        let pt_curve_dist = (square(pc.x()) + square(pc.y())).sqrt();
        let edge_func = dpcdw.x() * -pc.y() + dpcdw.y() * pc.x();
        let v = if edge_func > 0. {
            0.5 + pt_curve_dist / hit_width
        } else {
            0.5 - pt_curve_dist / hit_width
        };
        let (_, dpdu) = evaluate_cubic_bezier(&self.common.cp_obj, u);
        let dpdv = match context.common.curve_type {
            CurveType::Ribbon => Vector3f::from(n_hit).cross(dpdu).normalize() * hit_width,
            _ => {
                let dpdu_plane = context.object_from_ray.apply_inverse_vector(dpdu);
                let mut dpdv_plane =
                    Vector3f::new(-dpdu_plane.y(), dpdu_plane.x(), 0.).normalize() * hit_width;
                if context.common.curve_type == CurveType::Cylinder {
                    let theta = lerp(v, -90., 90.);
                    let rot = Transform::rotate_around_axis(-theta, dpdu_plane);
                    dpdv_plane = rot.apply_to_vector(dpdv_plane);
                }
                context.object_from_ray.apply_to_vector(dpdv_plane)
            }
        };

        let p_error = Vector3f::fill(hit_width);
        let flip_normal = self.common.reverse_orientation ^ self.common.transform_swap_handedness;
        let pi = Point3fi::new_with_error(context.ray.at(t_hit), p_error);
        let intr = SurfaceInteraction::new(
            pi,
            Point2f::new(u, v),
            -context.ray.d,
            dpdu,
            dpdv,
            Normal3f::default(),
            Normal3f::default(),
            context.ray.time,
            flip_normal,
        );

        Some(ShapeIntersection { intr, t_hit })
    }
}

impl ShapeTrait for CurveShape {
    fn bounds(&self) -> Bounds3f {
        let cs_span = self.common.cp_obj;
        let obj_bounds = bound_cubic_bezier(&cs_span, self.u_min, self.u_max);
        let width0 = lerp(self.u_min, self.common.width[0], self.common.width[1]);
        let width1 = lerp(self.u_max, self.common.width[0], self.common.width[1]);
        let obj_bounds_expand = obj_bounds.expand(width0.max(width1) * 0.5);
        self.common
            .render_from_object
            .apply_to_bounds(obj_bounds_expand)
    }

    fn normal_bounds(&self) -> DirectionCone {
        DirectionCone::entire_sphere()
    }

    fn area(&self) -> Float {
        let cp_obj = cubic_bezier_control_points(&self.common.cp_obj, self.u_min, self.u_max);
        let width0 = lerp(self.u_min, self.common.width[0], self.common.width[1]);
        let width1 = lerp(self.u_max, self.common.width[0], self.common.width[1]);
        let avg_width = (width0 + width1) / 2.;
        let mut approx_length = 0.;
        for i in 0..3 {
            approx_length += cp_obj[i].distance(cp_obj[i + 1]);
        }
        approx_length * avg_width
    }

    fn intersect_p(&self, ray: &Ray, t_max: Option<Float>) -> bool {
        self.intersect_ray(ray, t_max.unwrap_or(Float::INFINITY))
            .is_some()
    }

    fn intersect(&self, ray: &Ray, t_max: Option<Float>) -> Option<ShapeIntersection> {
        self.intersect_ray(ray, t_max.unwrap_or(Float::INFINITY))
    }

    fn pdf(&self, _interaction: &Interaction) -> Float {
        unimplemented!()
    }

    fn pdf_from_context(&self, _ctx: &ShapeSampleContext, _wi: Vector3f) -> Float {
        unimplemented!()
    }

    fn sample(&self, _u: Point2f) -> Option<ShapeSample> {
        unimplemented!()
    }

    fn sample_from_context(&self, _ctx: &ShapeSampleContext, _u: Point2f) -> Option<ShapeSample> {
        unimplemented!()
    }
}